Biography Leda Draw Painted by Leonardo Da Vinci
Who Was Leonardo da Vinci?
Leonardo da Vinci was a Renaissance painter, sculptor, builder, inventor, military engineer and draftsman — the epitome of a true Renaissance man. Gifted with a curious listen and a brilliant intellect, da Vinci studied the laws of science and nature, which greatly informed his work. His drawings, paintings and other works have influenced countless artists and engineers over the centuries.
Early Life
Da Vinci was born in a farmhouse outside the village of Anchiano in Tuscany, Italy (virtually xviii miles west of Florence) on April 15, 1452.
Built-in out of union to respected Florentine notary Ser Piero and a immature peasant woman named Caterina, da Vinci was raised by his begetter and his stepmother.
At the historic period of v, he moved to his father's manor in nearby Vinci (the boondocks from which his surname derives), where he lived with his uncle and grandparents.
Education
Young da Vinci received little formal education beyond basic reading, writing and mathematics education, but his artistic talents were evident from an early age.
Around the age of 14, da Vinci began a lengthy apprenticeship with the noted artist Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence. He learned a wide breadth of technical skills including metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting and sculpting.
His earliest known dated work — a pen-and-ink drawing of a landscape in the Arno valley — was sketched in 1473.
Early Works
At the age of 20, da Vinci qualified for membership every bit a master artist in Florence's Guild of Saint Luke and established his ain workshop. Nonetheless, he continued to collaborate with del Verrocchio for an boosted five years.
It is thought that del Verrocchio completed his "Baptism of Christ" effectually 1475 with the assist of his educatee, who painted part of the background and the young affections holding the robe of Jesus.
Co-ordinate to Lives of the Most Fantabulous Painters, Sculptors and Architects, written around 1550 by artist Giorgio Vasari, del Verrocchio was so humbled by the superior talent of his student that he never picked upwards a paintbrush again. (Most scholars, however, dismiss Vasari'south account as apocryphal.)
In 1478, after leaving del Verrocchio'due south studio, da Vinci received his first independent committee for an altarpiece to reside in a chapel inside Florence's Palazzo Vecchio.
Three years later the Augustinian monks of Florence'due south San Donato a Scopeto tasked him to pigment "Admiration of the Magi." The immature artist, however, would leave the city and carelessness both commissions without ever completing them.
Was Leonardo da Vinci Gay?
Many historians believe that da Vinci was a homosexual: Florentine court records from 1476 testify that da Vinci and 4 other young men were charged with sodomy, a offense punishable by exile or decease.
Later no witnesses showed up to testify against 24-year-old da Vinci, the charges were dropped, but his whereabouts went entirely undocumented for the following two years.
Several other famous Florentine artists were too known to have been homosexual, including Michelangelo, Donatello and Sandro Botticelli. Indeed, homosexuality was such a fact of artistic life in Renaissance Florence that the word "florenzer" became German slang for "gay."
Leonardo da Vinci: Paintings
Although da Vinci is known for his artistic abilities, fewer than 2 dozen paintings attributed to him exist. One reason is that his interests were then varied that he wasn't a prolific painter. Da Vinci's almost famous works include the "Vitruvian Man," "The Last Supper" and the "Mona Lisa."
Vitruvian Man
Art and science intersected perfectly in da Vinci's sketch of "Vitruvian Man," fatigued in 1490, which depicted a nude male figure in two superimposed positions with his artillery and legs apart inside both a square and a circumvolve.
The now-famous sketch represents da Vinci's study of proportion and symmetry, as well equally his desire to relate human to the natural world.
The Last Supper
Around 1495, Ludovico Sforza, then the Knuckles of Milan, commissioned da Vinci to paint "The Final Supper" on the dorsum wall of the dining hall within the monastery of Milan's Santa Maria delle Grazie.
The masterpiece, which took approximately three years to complete, captures the drama of the moment when Jesus informs the Twelve Apostles gathered for Passover dinner that one of them would soon betray him. The range of facial expressions and the body linguistic communication of the figures effectually the table bring the masterful composition to life.
The decision past da Vinci to paint with tempera and oil on dried plaster instead of painting a fresco on fresh plaster led to the quick deterioration and flaking of "The Terminal Supper." Although an improper restoration acquired further damage to the landscape, it has at present been stabilized using modernistic conservation techniques.
Mona Lisa
In 1503, da Vinci started working on what would become his most well-known painting — and arguably the most famous painting in the world —the "Mona Lisa." The privately deputed work is characterized by the enigmatic smile of the adult female in the half-portrait, which derives from da Vinci's sfumato technique.
Adding to the allure of the "Mona Lisa" is the mystery surrounding the identity of the discipline. Princess Isabella of Naples, an unnamed courtesan and da Vinci's ain mother accept all been put along as potential sitters for the masterpiece. Information technology has even been speculated that the subject wasn't a female at all but da Vinci's longtime apprentice Salai dressed in women's clothing.
Based on accounts from an early on biographer, however, the "Mona Lisa" is a flick of Lisa del Giocondo, the wife of a wealthy Florentine silk merchant. The painting's original Italian name — "La Gioconda" — supports the theory, but it's far from sure. Some art historians believe the merchant commissioned the portrait to celebrate the pending birth of the couple'south next kid, which means the subject field could have been pregnant at the time of the painting.
If the Giocondo family did indeed commission the painting, they never received it. For da Vinci, the "Mona Lisa" was forever a work in progress, equally it was his endeavor at perfection, and he never parted with the painting. Today, the "Mona Lisa" hangs in the Louvre Museum in Paris, France, secured behind impenetrable glass and regarded as a priceless national treasure seen by millions of visitors each year.
Boxing of Anghiari
In 1503, da Vinci also started work on the "Battle of Anghiari," a mural deputed for the council hall in the Palazzo Vecchio that was to be twice as large as "The Last Supper."
He abandoned the "Battle of Anghiari" project afterward 2 years when the mural began to deteriorate earlier he had a gamble to finish it.
Inventions
In 1482, Florentine ruler Lorenzo de' Medici commissioned da Vinci to create a silver lyre and bring it every bit a peace gesture to Ludovico Sforza. After doing so, da Vinci lobbied Ludovico for a job and sent the future Duke of Milan a alphabetic character that barely mentioned his considerable talents equally an artist and instead touted his more marketable skills as a armed services engineer.
Using his inventive heed, da Vinci sketched war machines such as a war chariot with scythe blades mounted on the sides, an armored tank propelled by two men cranking a shaft and even an enormous crossbow that required a small army of men to operate.
The letter worked, and Ludovico brought da Vinci to Milan for a tenure that would concluding 17 years. During his fourth dimension in Milan, da Vinci was commissioned to work on numerous artistic projects as well, including "The Last Supper."
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Da Vinci's ability to be employed by the Sforza association as an architecture and military machine engineering advisor too every bit a painter and sculptor spoke to da Vinci's great intellect and curiosity almost a wide variety of subjects.
Flying Machine
Always a man ahead of his time, da Vinci appeared to prophesy the future with his sketches of devices that resemble a modern-mean solar day bicycle and a blazon of helicopter.
Perchance his about well-known invention is a flying machine, which is based on the physiology of a bat. These and other explorations into the mechanics of flying are found in da Vinci'sCodex on the Flying of Birds, a study of avian helmsmanship, which he began in 1505.
Like many leaders of Renaissance humanism, da Vinci did not see a divide betwixt science and art. He viewed the two every bit intertwined disciplines rather than separate ones. He believed studying scientific discipline made him a improve artist.
In 1502 and 1503, da Vinci also briefly worked in Florence as a war machine engineer for Cesare Borgia, the illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI and commander of the papal army. He traveled outside of Florence to survey military structure projects and sketch city plans and topographical maps.
He designed plans, possibly with noted diplomat Niccolò Machiavelli, to divert the Arno River away from rival Pisa in order to deny its wartime enemy access to the sea.
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Da Vinci's Written report of Anatomy and Science
Da Vinci thought sight was humankind'southward well-nigh important sense and optics the most of import organ, and he stressed the importance of saper vedere, or "knowing how to see." He believed in the accumulation of direct knowledge and facts through ascertainment.
"A skillful painter has two master objects to paint — homo and the intention of his soul," da Vinci wrote. "The former is easy, the latter difficult, for it must be expressed by gestures and the move of the limbs."
To more accurately depict those gestures and movements, da Vinci began to study anatomy seriously and dissect human and animate being bodies during the 1480s. His drawings of a fetus in utero, the eye and vascular system, sex organs and other bone and muscular structures are some of the first on human record.
In improver to his anatomical investigations, da Vinci studied phytology, geology, zoology, hydraulics, aeronautics and physics. He sketched his observations on loose sheets of papers and pads that he tucked inside his belt.
Da Vinci placed the papers in notebooks and bundled them around iv broad themes—painting, architecture, mechanics and human anatomy. He filled dozens of notebooks with finely fatigued illustrations and scientific observations.
Sculptures
Ludovico Sforza also tasked da Vinci with sculpting a 16-pes-tall bronze equestrian statue of his father and founder of the family dynasty, Francesco Sforza. With the help of apprentices and students in his workshop, da Vinci worked on the project on and off for more than a dozen years.
Da Vinci sculpted a life-size clay model of the statue, just the project was put on hold when state of war with France required bronze to be used for casting cannons, non sculptures. Subsequently French forces overran Milan in 1499 — and shot the clay model to pieces — da Vinci fled the city forth with the duke and the Sforza family.
Ironically, Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, who led the French forces that conquered Ludovico in 1499, followed in his foe'south footsteps and deputed da Vinci to sculpt a g equestrian statue, ane that could exist mounted on his tomb. After years of piece of work and numerous sketches by da Vinci, Trivulzio decided to calibration dorsum the size of the statue, which was ultimately never finished.
Terminal Years
Da Vinci returned to Milan in 1506 to piece of work for the very French rulers who had overtaken the city seven years earlier and forced him to flee.
Among the students who joined his studio was young Milanese blueblood Francesco Melzi, who would get da Vinci'south closest companion for the residue of his life. He did petty painting during his second stint in Milan, still, and well-nigh of his time was instead dedicated to scientific studies.
Amid political strife and the temporary expulsion of the French from Milan, da Vinci left the city and moved to Rome in 1513 forth with Salai, Melzi and two studio assistants. Giuliano de' Medici, brother of newly installed Pope Leo X and son of his former patron, gave da Vinci a monthly stipend along with a suite of rooms at his residence inside the Vatican.
His new patron, even so, too gave da Vinci little work. Lacking large commissions, he devoted most of his fourth dimension in Rome to mathematical studies and scientific exploration.
Later on being present at a 1515 meeting betwixt France's King Francis I and Pope Leo X in Bologna, the new French monarch offered da Vinci the title "Premier Painter and Engineer and Architect to the King."
Forth with Melzi, da Vinci departed for France, never to return. He lived in the Chateau de Cloux (now Clos Luce) near the king's summer palace forth the Loire River in Amboise. As in Rome, da Vinci did little painting during his fourth dimension in France. 1 of his terminal commissioned works was a mechanical lion that could walk and open up its chest to reveal a boutonniere of lilies.
How Did Leonardo da Vinci Die?
Da Vinci died of a probable stroke on May 2, 1519, at the age of 67. He continued piece of work on his scientific studies until his death; his banana, Melzi, became the principal heir and executor of his estate. The "Mona Lisa" was bequeathed to Salai.
For centuries after his death, thousands of pages from his individual journals with notes, drawings, observations and scientific theories have surfaced and provided a fuller measure of the truthful "Renaissance man."
Book and Moving-picture show
Although much has been written nearly da Vinci over the years, Walter Isaacson explored new territory with an acclaimed 2017 biography, Leonardo da Vinci, which offers up details on what drove the artist'south creations and inventions.
The buzz surrounding the volume carried into 2018, with the announcement that it had been optioned for a big-screen adaptation starring Leonardo DiCaprio.
Salvator Mundi
In 2017, the art globe was sent buzzing with the news that the da Vinci painting "Salvator Mundi" had been sold at a Christie's sale to an undisclosed heir-apparent for a whopping $450.3 million. That amount dwarfed the previous record for an fine art piece of work sold at an auction, the $179.4 million paid for "Women of Algiers" by Pablo Picasso in 2015.
The sales figure was stunning in part because of the damaged condition of the oil-on-console, which features Jesus Christ with his right mitt raised in blessing and his left holding a crystal orb, and because non all experts believe it was rendered by da Vinci.
However, Christie's had launched what one dealer chosen a "brilliant marketing campaign," which promoted the piece of work as "the holy grail of our business" and "the terminal da Vinci." Prior to the sale, information technology was the only known painting by the old master even so in a private collection.
The Saudi Embassy stated that Prince Bader bin Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Farhan al-Saud of Saudi arabia had acted as an agent for the ministry of culture of Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates. Around that time, the newly-opened Louvre Abu Dhabi announced that the record-breaking artwork would be exhibited in its collection.
Source: https://www.biography.com/artist/leonardo-da-vinci
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